SS-31 has progressed through clinical trials in specific therapeutic contexts. NAD+ and its precursors (NMN, NR) have been the subject of a growing body of human studies. MOTS-c remains earlier in its research trajectory. The three-compound combination itself hasn't been subject to large-scale clinical investigation
Published studies on the individual compounds have explored:
Mitochondrial efficiency: Improved ATP output and reduced oxidative stress markers across cell and animal models.
Metabolic regulation: Improvements in glucose handling, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, primarily in animal models.
Skeletal muscle function: Enhanced exercise capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis in animal models, with relevance to "exercise mimetic" research.
Cardiac research: SS-31 has been studied in heart failure and ischemic injury models.
Ageing-related research: All three compounds have been examined for effects on age-associated decline, with NAD+ research particularly active in this space.
Combined-administration data is limited.