GHK-Cu has a substantial published literature in dermatology and cosmetic science, and is widely used in topical research formulations. Its use in injectable or systemic research is more recent and less thoroughly characterised.
Dermal research: Effects on collagen synthesis, skin barrier function, wound healing, and dermal ageing markers.
Hair follicle research: Studies on follicle size, anagen-phase induction, and hair growth in animal and human models.
Tissue repair: Bone, cartilage, and stomach lining repair in animal models.
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity: Reductions in oxidative stress markers across multiple tissue types.
Gene expression: Microarray studies showing modulation of regeneration- and ageing-related genes, with research extending into cancer-related gene expression signatures.